1. Lautele
O afuala o lenei faʻasologa e faʻaaogaina e tapuni pe tatala ai paipa i le paipa ia mafai ai ona faʻaauau le faʻagaioiga o le polokalama.
2. Faʻamatalaga Oloa
2.1Tekinolosi manaʻoga
2.1.1 Fuafuaina ma gaosia: API600 、 API603, ASME B16.34 、 BS1414
2.1.2 Fesoʻotaʻiga iuga itu: ASME B16.5 、 ASME B16.47 、 ASME B16.25
2.1.3 Faasaga ile mata pe faʻaiʻu ile iʻuga : ASME B16.10
2.1.4 Asiasiga ma suʻega : API 598 、 API600
2.1.5 Laʻititi numera: MPS2 ″ ~ 48 ″ , Faʻailoga numera vasega: Vasega150 ~ 2500
2.2 afuala o lenei faʻasologa o tusi lesona (faʻagaeʻeina i le handwheel poʻo le kia kia) faʻamalama alatoto ma flange pito ma faʻamau uʻamea pito .O le alatoto faʻasolosolo agai i luga. A faʻasolosolo loa le solo lima, e paʻu le faitotoʻa e tapuni le paipa; a faʻasaga faʻatatau le gagilima, e tu aʻe le faitotoʻa e tatala paipa.
2.3 O le fausaga vaʻai Fig.1, 2and3.
2.4 Igoa ma mea taua o vaega taua o loʻo lisiina atu ile Laulau 1.
'Siata 1)
Igoa Vaega |
Meafaitino |
Tino ma pulou |
ASTM A216 WCB 、 ASTM A352 LCB 、 ASTM A217 WC6 、 ASTM A217 WC9 、 ASTM A351 CF3 、 ASTM A351 CF3M ASTM A351 CF8 、 ASTM A351 CF8M 、 ASTM A351 CN7M ASTM A494 CW-2M 、 Monel |
faitotoʻa |
ASTM A216 WCB 、 ASTM A352 LCB 、 ASTM A217 WC6 、 ASTM A217 WC9 、 ASTM A351 CF3 、 ASTM A351 CF3M ASTM A351 CF8 、 ASTM A351 CF8M 、 ASTM A351 CN7M ASTM A494 CW-2M 、 Monel |
nofoa |
ASTM A105 、 ASTM A350 LF2 、 F11 、 F22 、 ASTM A182 F304 (304L) 、 ASTM A182 F316 (316L) ASTM B462 、 E iai.C-4 、 Monel |
au |
ASTM A182 F6a 、 ASTM A182 F304 (304L) TM ASTM A182 F316 (316L) 、 ASTM B462 、 Has.C-4 、 Monel |
Teuina |
Faʻamau faʻafoliga graphite ma fetuʻunaʻi kalafi 、 PTFE |
Stud / nut |
ASTM A193 B7 / A194 2H 、 ASTM L320 L7 / A194 4 、 ASTM A193 B16 / A194 4 、 ASTM A193 B8 / A194 8 、 ASTM A193 B8M / A194 8M |
Gasket |
304 (316) + kalafi 、 304 (316) 、 E iai.C-4 、 Monel 、 B462 |
Nofoa nofoa / Disk / luga |
13Cr 、 18Cr-8Ni 、 18Cr-8Ni-Mo 、 NiCu uʻamea filogia 、 25Cr-20Ni 、 STL |
3. Teuina, tausiga, Faʻapipiʻiina ma faʻagaioiga
3.1 Teuina ma le tausiga
3.1.1 O afuala e tatau ona teuina i le potu matutu ma faʻalelei lelei. O pito o le auala e tatau ona faapipiina i ufiufi.
3.1.2 O afuala i lalo o le teuina mo se taimi umi e tatau ona suʻesuʻe ma faʻamama e le aunoa, ae maise lava le faʻamamaina o nofoa nofo e puipuia ai le faʻaleagaina, ma o mea maeʻa luga e tatau ona ufiufi i le ele e faʻafefe ai le suauʻu.
3.1.3 Afai o le teuina taimi sili atu 18 masina, e tatau ona tofotofoina afuala ma tatau ona faia faʻamaumauga.
3.1.4 Faʻapipiʻi afuala e tatau ona suʻesuʻe ma lipea masani. O autu autu faʻamaumauga aofia ai mea nei:
1) Faʻamau faʻailoga
2) Valve au ma alatoto faʻavae nati.
3) teuina.
4) Faʻaseʻe i luga o loʻo i totonu ole alatoto tino ma alatoto pulou
3.2 Faʻapipiʻiina
Ae le i faʻapipiʻiina, ia mautinoa vaʻavaʻa vaʻavaʻaia (pei o faʻataʻitaʻiga, DN, 3.2.1PN ma mea) ua makaina e tusa ma manaʻoga o le paipa sisitema.
3.2.2 A o leʻi faʻapipiʻiina, siaki ma le faʻaeteete le alatoto faʻamau ma foliga faʻamaufaʻailogaina. A iai se palapala, ia faʻamama lelei.
3.2.3 Ae e leʻi faʻapipiʻiina, ia mautinoa ia faʻamau faʻamau uma faʻamau.
3.2.4 A o le i faʻapipiʻiina, ia mautinoa o loʻo omia faʻapipiʻi le teuina. Peitaʻi, e le tatau ona faʻalavelave le gaioi o le alatoto.
3.2.5 O le faʻapipiʻiina o le alatoto tatau ona faʻafaigofieina asiasiga ma faʻagaioiga. O le tulaga e sili ona lelei e tatau ona o le paipa e faʻapipiʻi, handwheel o loʻo i luga, ma alatoto faʻavae e tu saʻo.
3.2.6 Mo masani tapuni alatoto, e le talafeagai e faʻapipiʻi i le nofoaga o loʻo galue mamafa e tele tele e aloese ai mai le faʻaleagaina o alatoto pou.
3.2.7 Faʻamau soʻoga afuala tatau ona le itiiti ifo ma le faʻamalieina o manaʻoga nei pe a latou ueloina mo le faʻapipiʻiina o paipa i luga o le 'upega tafaʻilagi:
1) Maopoopo e tatau ona faʻataunuʻuina e le welder o loʻo ia te ia le tusi pasi pasi pasi faʻamaonia e le State Boiler ma Pressure Vessel Pulega; poʻo le welder o ia na mauaina le tusi pasi faʻailoga faʻapitoa ua faʻamaonia mai i le ASME Vol.Ⅸ.
2) E tatau ona filifilia le faʻasologa o metotia faʻapitoa e pei ona faʻamaoti mai i le tusi faʻamautinoa o le lelei o mea faʻapipiʻi.
3) O le vailaʻau vailaʻau, faʻatinoina faʻatinoina ma le pala faʻatamaia o le faʻatumu uʻamea o uelo seam tatau tatau ona o gatasi ma faavae uʻamea.
3.2.8 O le alatoto e masani ona faʻapipiʻiina, mamafa tele faʻalavelave ona o lagolago, mea faʻaaoga ma paipa e tatau ona aloese mai ai.
3.2.9 Ina ua maeʻa faapipiiina, i le taimi o le mamafa faʻataʻitaʻiga o laina paipa, e tatau ona matua tatalaina le alatoto.
3.2.10 Tuuina atu togi: pe a fai o le paipa e lava le malosi e amoina alatoto mamafa ma faʻagaioiga torque, ona leai ai se mea e manaʻomia ai, a leai o le alatoto e tatau ona i ai le tulaga.
3.2.11 Siiina: aua le faʻaogaina handwheel e siʻi aʻe ma siʻi luga alatoto.
3.3 Faagaioiga ma le faʻaaogaina
3.3.1 I le vaitaimi o tautua, e tatau ona matua tatalaina le faitotoʻa o le faitotoʻa pe tapunia atoa e aloese mai le faʻaleagaina o luga o le nofoa mama ma le alatoto faitotoʻa ona o le televave auala. E le mafai ona faʻaaogaina e fetuʻunaʻi ai le gafatia gafatia.
3.3.2 A tatala pe tapuni le alatoto, faʻaaoga handwheel nai lo levera fesoasoani pe faʻaaoga isi mea faigaluega.
3.3.3 Ile taimi e galue ai le vevela, ia mautinoa ia maualalo le mamafa o loʻo i lalo o le 1.1 taimi e faʻatosina ai le vevela ile ASME B16.34.
3.3.4 E tatau ona faʻapipiʻi meafaigaluega mo le saogalemu i luga o paipa e puipuia ai le unaʻi o le alatoto i le vevela o le fale mai le sili atu ile mamafa e faʻatagaina.
3.3.5 Faʻasa ma faʻateʻia le alatoto e faʻasa i le taimi o felauaiga, faʻapipiʻiina ma faʻagaioiga vaitaimi.
3.3.6 Faʻamamaina o le le maluelue suavai, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le pala o nisi suavai e mafai ona mafua ai le faʻateleina o le leo ma taitai atu ai i le galuea o le mamafa, faʻapea ona faʻaleagaina o le alatoto ma mafua ai permeation, o le mea lea, faʻaaoga talafeagai fua meafaigaluega e aveʻesea pe faʻatapulaʻaina mea e ono mafua ai le pala. o sua.
3.3.7 Afai o le suavai o se condensate, lenei o le a afaina ai vaʻaia gaioiga, faʻaaoga talafeagai fua meafaigaluega e faʻaititia ai le vevela o le suavai (mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, ina ia mautinoa talafeagai vevela o le suavai) pe suia i isi ituaiga o alatoto.
3.3.8 Mo suavai mu lava ia, faʻaaoga mea talafeagai e fua ai le malosi ma le mamafa o le mamafa e le sili atu nai lo le mea e faʻamumu ai le afi (aemaise le maitau le susulu o le la poʻo le afi mai fafo).
3.3.9 I tulaga o vai matautia, e pei o le pa, pāpā. Toxic, oxidation oloa, e faʻasa ona suia le teuina i lalo o le mamafa (e ui lava o le alatoto e i ai sona aoga).
3.3.10 Ia mautinoa e le palapala le suavai, lea e aʻafia ai le faʻatinoina o le alatoto, e le aofia ai ni faʻamaʻa malo, a le o lea, e tatau ona faʻaaoga meafaigaluega fua talafeagai e aveʻese ai le palapala ma mea malo, poʻo le suia i isi ituaiga alatoto.
3.3.11 Faʻatagaina le faigaluega galulue:
Meafaitino |
vevela |
Meafaitino |
vevela |
ASTM A216 WCB |
-29 ~ 425 ℃ |
ASTM A217 WC6 |
-29 ~ 538 ℃ |
ASTM A352 LCB |
-46 ~ 343 ℃ |
ASTM A217 WC9 |
–29 ~ 570 ℃ |
ASTM A351 CF3 (CF3M) |
-196 ~ 454 ℃ |
ASTM A494 CW-2M |
-29 ~ 450 ℃ |
ASTM A351 CF8 (CF8M) |
-196 ~ 454 ℃ |
Moneli |
-29 ~ 425 ℃ |
ASTM A351 CN7M |
-29 ~ 450 ℃ |
- |
3.3.12 Ia mautinoa o mea o alatoto tino e talafeagai mo le faʻaaogaina i le pala ma faʻatamaʻia le elea siʻosiʻomaga suavai.
3.3.13 I le vaitaimi o tautua, suʻesuʻe faʻamaufaʻailogaina faʻatinoga e pei ona i luga o le laulau i lalo:
Manatu asiasiga |
Leak |
Fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o le tino alatoto ma pulou |
O |
Faʻamau faʻamau |
O |
Nofoaga alatoto |
E tusa ma faʻapitoa faʻapitoa |
3.3.14 Siaki masani mo le ofuina o faʻamaufaʻailoga foliga. Teuina o le soifua matua ma le faʻaleagaina. Faʻalelei pe sui ile taimi peʻa maua se molimau.
3.3.15 Ina ua maeʻa toe faʻaleleia, toe faʻapipiʻi ma fetuʻunaʻi le alatoto, o le suʻega fufusi faʻatinoga ma faia faamaumauga.
3.3.16 Suʻega ma toe faʻaleleia totonu e lua tausaga.
4. Faʻafitauli ono, mafuaʻaga ma fofo faʻaleleia
Faʻamatalaga faʻafitauli |
Mafuaaga mafai |
Fuafuaina |
Leak i le teuina |
Lava faʻapipiʻiina teuina |
Toe faʻapipiʻi le nutati teuina |
Le lava aofaʻi o teuina |
Faʻaopopo atili teu |
|
Faʻaleagaina afifiina ona o le umi-taimi tautua pe le talafeagai puipuiga |
Sui teuina |
|
Tulu i luga ole alatoto nofoa nofo |
Foliga palapala palapala |
Aveese palapala |
Foliga ua ofuina ofu |
Faʻaleleia pe sui le nofoa nofoa poʻo le faitotoʻa alatoto |
|
Ua faʻaletonu foliga nofoa ona o le maʻa malo |
Aveʻese maʻa malo i le vai, toe faʻaleleia pe sui le mama o le nofoa poʻo le faitotoʻa o alatoto, pe sui i isi ituaiga alatoto |
|
Tulu i le fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o le tino alatoto ma alatoto pulou |
E le faʻamau lelei faʻamau |
Faamau faʻamau faʻamau |
O luga malepe nofoa luga o alatoto tino ma alatoto flange pulou |
Faʻaleleia ia |
|
Gasket leaga poʻo ua leaga |
Sui kesi |
|
E le mafai ona tatalaina pe tapunia faigata feʻaveaʻiga o handwheel poʻo le faitotoʻa alatoto |
Ua matua mau lava le faʻamau |
Faʻalelei talafeagai le teuina o nut |
Faʻaleagaina poʻo le punou o faʻamau faʻailoga |
Fetuunai kelenile faʻamau |
|
Faʻaleagaina alatoto |
Faasaʻo filo ma aveʻese le palapala |
|
Faʻaigoa pe malepe alatoto faʻavae nati filo |
Sui alatoto au pou |
|
Punavai alatoto |
Sui alatoto alatoto |
|
Eleele luga taiala o alatoto faitotoʻa poʻo le tino alatoto |
Aveʻese le palapala i luga o le taʻiala |
Faʻaaliga: Auaunaga tagata e tatau ona i ai le poto talafeagai ma poto masani ma afuala.
5. Tusi Faamaonia
A maeʻa ona faʻaoga le alatoto, o le vaitaimi tuʻufaʻatasi o le alatoto e 12 masina, ae le sili atu i le 24 masina talu ona tuʻuina le aso. I le vaitaimi o le tusi saisai, o le kamupanī o le a tuʻuina atu le toe faʻaleleia tautua poʻo ni vaega faʻaaoga e aunoa ma se totogi mo le faʻaletonu e mafua mai i mea, gaosiga poʻo faʻaleagaina pe a fai o le gaioiga e saʻo.
Taimi Post: Nov-10-2020